renminribao2020-12-04

　　dangdeshijiujiewuzhongquanhuitongguode《zhonggongzhongyangguanyuzhidingguominjingjiheshehuifazhandishisigewunianguihuaheerlingsanwunianyuanjingmubiaodejianyi》（yixiajiancheng《jianyi》），quedingle“shisiwu”shiqiwoguojingjishehuifazhandezhidaosixiang、mubiaorenwuhezhongdajucuo，bohualeweilaiwunianwoguofazhandehongweilantu，shizhidaojingjishehuigongzuodeganglingxingwenjian。“shisiwu”shiqishiwoguoquanmianjianchengxiaokangshehui、shixiandiyigebainianfendoumubiaozhihou，chengshiershangkaiqiquanmianjiansheshehuizhuyixiandaihuaguojiaxinzhengcheng、xiangdiergebainianfendoumubiaojinjundediyigewunian，womenyaoquanmianbawo“shisiwu”shiqijingjishehuifazhanmubiaoyaoqiu，jiandingbuyiguanchexinfazhanlinian，jianchiwenzhongqiujingongzuozongjidiao，tongchouzuohaogexianggongzuo，nulishixianjingjixingwenzhiyuan、shehuiandinghexie，weiquanmianjiansheshehuizhuyixiandaihuaguojiakaihaoju、qihaobu。

　　yi、nulishixian“shisiwu”shiqijingjishehuifazhanzhuyaomubiao

　　mianduicuozongfuzadeguojixingshi、jianjufanzhongdeguoneigaigefazhanwendingrenwu，yixijinpingtongzhiweihexindedangzhongyangdailingquanguogezurenminjiexufendou、gongjiankenan，woguojingjishili、kejishili、zongheguoliyueshangxindedataijie。2019nian，guoneishengchanzongzhidadao99.1wanyiyuan，zhanquanqiujingjizongliangde16%，yuji“shisanwu”qimoguoneishengchanzongzhitupo100wanyiyuan；renjunguoneishengchanzongzhitupo1wanmeiyuan，renminshenghuoshuipingxianzhutigao，chengxiangjuminrenjunshourubi2010nianfanyifandemubiaojibenshixian；“shisanwu”shiqishixian5575wannongcunpinkunrenkoutuopin，juezhantuopingongjianqudejuedingxingchengjiu；“shisanwu”guihuamubiaorenwujijiangwancheng，quanmianjianchengxiaokangshehuishenglizaiwang。

　　“shisiwu”shiqishikaiqiquanmianjiansheshehuizhuyixiandaihuaguojiaxinzhengchengdediyigewunian，woguojiangjinruxinfazhanjieduan。《jianyi》quedingde“shisiwu”shiqijingjishehuifazhanzhuyaomubiao，zonghekaolvleguoneiwaifazhanqushihewoguofazhantiaojian，chongfentixianlemubiaodaoxianghewentidaoxiangxiangjiehe、shouzhenghechuangxinxiangtongyi。congmubiaodaoxiangkan，dangdeshijiudaduishixiandiergebainianfendoumubiaozuochufenlianggejieduantuijindezhanlveanpai，《jianyi》xihuatichudao2035nianjibenshixianshehuizhuyixiandaihuadeyuanjingmubiao，“shisiwu”shiqijingjishehuifazhanzhuyaomubiaojinjinmaodingle2035nianyuanjingmubiao。congwentidaoxiangkan，woguoshehuizhuyaomaodunyijingzhuanhuaweirenminriyizengzhangdemeihaoshenghuoxuyaohebupinghengbuchongfendefazhanzhijiandemaodun，“shisiwu”shiqijingjishehuifazhanzhuyaomubiaolaolaojujiaojiejuefazhanbupinghengbuchongfenwenti。congshijixiaoguokan，renminmeihaoshenghuoxuyaoriyiguangfan，bujinduiwuzhiwenhuashenghuotichulegenggaoyaoqiu，erqiezaiminzhu、fazhi、gongping、zhengyi、anquan、huanjingdengfangmiandeyaoqiuriyizengzhang，“shisiwu”shiqijingjishehuifazhanzhuyaomubiaozhezhongguanzhubuduanshixianrenminduimeihaoshenghuodexiangwang。

　　dangdeshijiudazhichu，woguorengchuyubingjiangzhangqichuyushehuizhuyichujijieduandejibenguoqingmeiyoubian，woguoshishijiezuidafazhanzhongguojiadeguojidiweimeiyoubian。woguojingjijianshequdejudachengjiu，yichengweishijiedierdajingjiti、zhizaoyediyidaguo，danrenjunguoneishengchanzongzhirengweidadaoquanqiupingjunshuiping，yuandiyufadaguojia，tebieshizaichuangxinnenglifangmianyufadaguojiaxiangbirengyoujiaodachaju，yixieguanjianhexinjishuhaishouzhiyuren。zheijiuyaoqiuwomenzai“shisiwu”shiqi，laolaobawoshehuizhuyichujijieduanzheigejibenguoqing，laolaolizushehuizhuyichujijieduanzheigezuidashiji，jianchifazhanshidiyiyaowu，baxinfazhanlinianguanchuanfazhanquanguochenghegelingyu，tuidongzhiliangbiange、xiaolvbiange、donglibiange，shixiangenggaozhiliang、gengyouxiaolv、gengjiagongping、gengkechixu、gengweianquandefazhan。

　　er、jingjifazhanqudexinchengxiao

　　fazhanshijiejuewoguoyiqiewentidejichuheguanjian。zhiyoujianchiyijingjijiansheweizhongxinbudongyao，jianchijiefanghefazhanshehuishengchanli，cainengweijiansheshehuizhuyixiandaihuaguojia、buduantigaorenminshenghuoshuipingdiandingjianshijichu。“shisiwu”shiqi，woguofazhanmianlindehuanjinggengjiafuza，jiyuhetiaozhandouyouxindefazhanbianhua。congguojixingshikan，dangjinshijiezhengjinglibainianweiyouzhidabianju，xinguanfeiyanyiqingquanqiudaliuxingshizheigebianjujiasubianhua，baohuzhuyi、danbianzhuyishangsheng，shijiejingjidimi，quanqiuchanyeliangongyinglianyinfeijingjiyinsuyingxiangermianlinchongji。congguoneiqingkuangkan，woguozhengchuyuzhuanbianfazhanfangshi、youhuajingjijiegou、zhuanhuanzengzhangdonglidegongguanjieduan，fazhanbupinghengbuchongfenwentirengrantuchu，youqishichuangxinnenglihaibushiyinggaozhiliangfazhanyaoqiu。tongshigengyaokandao，woguofazhanrengchuyuzhongyaozhanlvejiyuqi，zhiduyoushixianzhu，zhilixiaonengtisheng，jingjizhangqixianghao，wuzhijichuxionghou，renliziyuanfengfu，shichangkongjianguangkuo，fazhanrenxingqiangjing，shehuidajuwending，jixufazhanjuyouduofangmianyoushihetiaojian。yaobianzhengrenshihebawoguoneiwaidashi，zengqiangjiyuyishihefengxianyishi，shanyuzaiweijizhongyuxianji、yubianjuzhongkaixinju。

　　《jianyi》qiangdiao，fazhanbixujianchixinfazhanlinian，zaizhiliangxiaoyimingxiantishengdejichushangshixianjingjichixujiankangfazhan。“shisiwu”shiqi，yaoweiraoshixianzheiyimubiao，jiakuaituidongjingjigaozhiliangfazhan，jianchizhiliangdiyi、xiaoyiyouxian，quebaojingjishixianliangdehelizengzhanghezhidewenbutisheng。

　　tuidongjingjigaozhiliangfazhan，yaojianchichuangxinqudongfazhan，dalifazhanshitijingji，jianshexiandaihuajingjitixi。chuangxinshiyinlingfazhandediyidongli，yaoshenrushishichuangxinqudongfazhanzhanlve，qianghuaguojiazhanlvekejililiang，tishengqiyejishuchuangxinnengli，jifarencaichuangxinhuoli，wanshankejichuangxintizhijizhi，jiakuaijianshekejiqiangguo。yaojianchizhenxingshitijingji，tishengchanyeliangongyinglianxiandaihuashuiping，buqichanyelianboruohuanjie，tuidongxianjinzhizaoyehexiandaifuwuyeronghefazhan，dalifazhanzhanlvexingxinxingchanye，jiakuaifazhanxiandaifuwuye，jinyibuhangshinongyejichu。

　　tuidongjingjigaozhiliangfazhan，yaoxingchengqiangdaguoneishichang，jiakuaigoujianyiguoneidaxunhuanweizhuti、guoneiguojishuangxunhuanxianghucujindexinfazhangeju。zheiyixinfazhangejushigenjuwoguofazhanjieduan、huanjing、tiaojianbianhuatichulaide，shizhongsuwoguoguojihezuohejingzhengxinyoushidezhanlvejueze。yaoshenhuagongjicejiegouxinggaige，jiandingshishikuodaneixuzhanlve，shishengchan、fenpei、liutong、xiaofeigengduoyituoguoneishichang，tishenggongjitixiduiguoneixuqiudeshipeixing，xingchengxuqiuqianyingongji、gongjichuangzaoxuqiudegenggaoshuipingdongtaipingheng。xinxingchengzhenhuashikuodaneixudezuidaqianlisuozai。yaotuijinyirenweihexindexinxingchengzhenhua，tongguoshenhuahujizhidugaige、zengqianggonggongfuwunengli、wanshanpeitaozhengcedengjiakuainongyezhuanyirenkoushiminhua，cujindazhongxiaochengshihexiaochengzhenxiediaofazhan。yaochongfenfahuigedibijiaoyoushi，jiakuailuoshiguojiazhongdaquyufazhanzhanlve，tuidongxingchengzhutigongnengmingxian、youshihubu、gaozhiliangfazhandequyujingjibuju。tongshi，lizuguoneidaxunhuan，xietongtuijinqiangdaguoneishichanghemaoyiqiangguojianshe，xingchengquanqiuziyuanyaosuqiangdayinlichang，cujinneixuhewaixu、jinkouhechukou、yinjinwaiziheduiwaitouzixiediaofazhan。

　　san、gaigekaifangmaichuxinbufa

　　gaigekaifangshijuedingdangdaizhongguomingyundeguanjianyizhao，yeshijuedingshixian“lianggeyibainian”fendoumubiao、shixianzhonghuaminzuweidafuxingdeguanjianyizhao。suizhewoguomairuxinfazhanjieduan，gaigeyemianlinxinderenwu，bixunachugengdadeyongqi、gengduodejucuopochushencengcitizhijizhizhangai。tongshi，guojihuanjingdeshenkefuzabianhuaduituijinduiwaikaifangyetichuxindeyaoqiu。yaoanzhao《jianyi》tichudeyaoqiu，jianchifangxiangbubian、daolubupian、lidubujian，tuidongxinshidaigaigekaifangzoudegengwen、zoudegengyuan，dao2025nianshishehuizhuyishichangjingjitizhigengjiawanshan，genggaoshuipingkaifangxingjingjixintizhijibenxingcheng。

　　jingjitizhigaigeshiquanmianshenhuagaigedezhongdian，hexinwentishichulihaozhengfuheshichangdeguanxi，shishichangzaiziyuanpeizhizhongqijuedingxingzuoyong，genghaofahuizhengfuzuoyong。jingguoduoniangaigeshijian，woguoshehuizhuyishichangjingjitizhibuduanwanshan，danrengrancunzaibushaoshufushichangzhutihuoli、zuaishichanghejiazhiguilvchongfenfahuizuoyongdebiduan。“shisiwu”shiqi，yaojianchishehuizhuyishichangjingjigaigefangxiang，congguangduheshendushangtuijinshichanghuagaige，yiwanshanchanquanzhiduheyaosushichanghuapeizhiweizhongdian，jianshegaobiaozhunshichangtixi。yaojinyibujianquangongpingjingzhengshenchajizhi，shishitongyideshichangzhunrufumianqingdanzhidu，weigeleishichangzhutiyingzaogengjiagongpingdeshichanghua、fazhihua、guojihuadeyingshanghuanjing。

　　shijianzhengming，kaifangdailaijinbu，fengbibiranluohou。“shisiwu”shiqi，zhongguokaifangdedamenbuhuiguanbi，zhihuiyuekaiyueda。yaojianshegenggaoshuipingkaifangxingjingjixintizhi，chixutuidongmaoyihetouziziyouhuabianlihua，wanshanwaishangtouzizhunruqianguomindaiyujiafumianqingdanguanlizhidu，youxukuodafuwuyeduiwaikaifang，wanshanziyoumaoyishiyanqubuju，wenbutuijinhainanziyoumaoyigangjianshe。yaotuidonggongjian“yidaiyilu”gaozhiliangfazhan，shenhuawushihezuo，jiaqianganquanbaozhang，cujingongtongfazhan。yaojijicanyuquanqiujingjizhilitixigaige，cujinguojihezuo，shixianhuligongying。

　　si、shehuiwenmingchengdudedaoxintigao

　　zhongguoteseshehuizhuyishijingshenwenminghewuzhiwenmingquanmianfazhandeshehuizhuyi。yigeminzuyaoshixianfuxing，jixuyaoqiangdadewuzhililiang，yexuyaoqiangdadejingshenliliang。yaozaijianchiyijingjijiansheweizhongxin、zhuahaowuzhiwenmingjianshedetongshi，qieerbushe、yiyiguanzhidizhuahaojingshenwenmingjianshe，cujinmanzurenminwenhuaxuqiuhezengqiangrenminjingshenliliangxiangtongyi。

　　hexinjiazhiguanshiyigeguojiadezhongyaowendingqi。shehuizhuyihexinjiazhiguanshidangdaizhongguojingshendejizhongtixian，ningjiezhequantirenmingongtongdejiazhizhuiqiu。《jianyi》tichu，yaoshishehuizhuyihexinjiazhiguanshenrurenxin，renminsixiangdaodesuzhi、kexuewenhuasuzhiheshenxinjiankangsuzhimingxiantigao。yaobashehuizhuyihexinjiazhiguanrongrujingjishehuifazhangelingyu，dalihongyangzhongguojingshen、chuanbozhongguojiazhi、ningjuzhongguoliliang，tuidongxingchengshiyingxinshidaiyaoqiudesixiangguannian、jingshenmianmao、wenmingfengshang、xingweiguifan，buduantishengrenminsixiangjuewu、daodeshuizhun、wenmingsuyanghequanshehuiwenmingchengdu。

　　《jianyi》tichu，dao2025niangonggongwenhuafuwutixihewenhuachanyetixigengjiajianquan。weiraoshixianzheiyimubiao，yaozhelitishenggonggongwenhuafuwushuiping，buduantuichufanyingshidaixinqixiang、ougerenminxinchuangzaodewenyijingpin，chuangxinshishiwenhuahuimingongcheng，jiaqiangzhongyaowenhuaheziranyichanxitongxingbaohu，jiansheyipiguojiawenhuagongyuan；yaoshenhuawenhuatizhigaige，jiaqiangwenhuashichangtixijianshe，jiakuaifazhanxinxingwenhuaqiye、wenhuayetai、wenhuaxiaofeimoshi，kuodayouzhiwenhuachanpingongji。tongshi，yaoyijianghaozhongguogushiweizhelidian，chuangxintuijinguojichuanbo，jiaqiangduiwaiwenhuajiaoliuheduocengciwenmingduihua，buduantigaoguojiawenhuaruanshili。

　　wu、shengtaiwenmingjiansheshixianxinjinbu

　　jiansheshengtaiwenmingshiguanxirenminfuzhi、guanhuminzuweilaideqianniandaji。dangdeshibadayilai，woguotuijinshengtaiwenmingjianshedejuexinzhida、liduzhida、chengxiaozhidaqiansuoweiyou，shengtaihuanjingbaohushixianlishixingzhuanzhexingquanjuxingbianhua。danjiejueguoquduonianjileidedalianghuanjingwentijuefeiyichaoyixizhigong。yaoconggenbenshangjiejueshengtaihuanjingwenti，bixupinghenghechulihaofazhanyubaohudeguanxi，jiakuaituijinlvsefazhan。

　　《jianyi》tichu，yaotuijinguotukongjiankaifabaohugejujinyibuyouhua，tuidongshengchanshenghuofangshilvsezhuanxingqudexianzhuchengxiao。“shisiwu”shiqi，yaolaogushulihejianxinglvshuiqingshanjiushijinshanyinshanlinian，duocuobingjuxietongtuijinjingjigaozhiliangfazhanheshengtaihuanjinggaoshuipingbaohu。yaoqianghuaguotukongjianguihuaheyongtuguankong，luoshishengtaibaohu、jibennongtian、chengzhenkaifadengkongjianguankongbianjie。shenrudahaowuranfangzhigongjianzhan，jixukaizhanwuranfangzhixingdong，chixugaishanhuanjingzhiliang。jianchishanshuilintianhucaoxitongzhili，tishengshengtaixitongzhilianghewendingxing。quanmiantigaoziyuanliyongxiaolv，tuijinziyuanzongliangguanli、kexuepeizhi、quanmianjieyue、xunhuanliyong。jiakuaituidonglvseditanfazhan，qianghuafalvhezhengcebaozhang，tuijinzhongdianxingyehezhongyaolingyulvsehuagaizao。

　　liu、minshengfuzhidadaoxinshuiping

　　zengjinminshengfuzhishifazhandegenbenmude。renminqunzhongqipangengwendingdegongzuo、gengmanyideshouru、genghaodejiaoyu、genggaoshuipingdeyiliaoweishengfuwu、gengkekaodeshehuibaozhang。weibuduanmanzurenminduimeihaoshenghuodexinqipan，bixujianchiyirenminweizhongxindefazhansixiang，jianchifazhanweilerenmin、fazhanyikaorenmin、fazhanchengguoyourenmingongxiang。

　　shourufenpeishiminshengzhiyuan，shigaishanminsheng、shixianfazhanchengguoyourenmingongxiangzuizhongyaozuizhijiedefangshi。《jianyi》tichu，juminshouruzengzhanghejingjizengzhangjibentongbu，fenpeijiegoumingxiangaishan。shixianzheiyimubiao，yaojianchigongtongfuyufangxiang，duocuobingjutuozhanjuminshouruzengzhangqudao，jiyaotigaolaodongbaochouzaichucifenpeizhongdebizhong，jianquangongzihelizengzhangjizhi，zhelitigaodishouruquntishouru，kuodazhongdengshouruqunti；youyaojianquangeleishengchanyaosuyoushichangjuedingbaochoudejizhi，tansuotongguotudi、zibendengyaosushiyongquan、shouyiquanzengjiazhongdishouruquntiyaosushouru，duoqudaozengjiachengxiangjumincaichanxingshouru；haiyaobuduanwanshanzaifenpeijizhi，jiadashuishou、shebao、zhuanyizhifudengdiaojieliduhejingzhunxing，gaishanshouruhecaifufenpeigeju。

　　jiuyeshizuidademinshenggongcheng、minxingongcheng、genjigongcheng。《jianyi》tichu，yaoshixiangengjiachongfengenggaozhiliangjiuye。weileshixianzheiyimubiaorenwu，yaoqianghuajiuyeyouxianzhengce，qianfangbaijiwendinghekuodajiuye，wanshancujinchuangyedaidongjiuye、duoqudaolinghuojiuyedebaozhangzhidu，zhuzhonghuanjiejiegouxingjiuyemaodun，wanshanzhongdianquntijiuyezhichitixi。

　　wanshangonggongfuwutixishibaozhanghegaishanminsheng、cujinshehuihexiewendingdebiranyaoqiu。《jianyi》tichu，jibengonggongfuwujundenghuashuipingmingxiantigao，quanminshoujiaoyuchengdubuduantisheng，duocengcishehuibaozhangtixigengjiajianquan，weishengjiankangtixigengjiawanshan。yaozhelijianquanjibengonggongfuwutixi，jiakuaijianquanfugaiquanmin、tongchouchengxiang、gongpingtongyi、kechixudeduocengcishehuibaozhangtixi。yaoshenhuajiaoyugaige，cujinjiaoyugongping，jianshegaozhiliangjiaoyutixi。yaoquanmiantuijinjiankangzhongguojianshe，wanshanguominjiankangcujinzhengce，zhilaoguojiagonggongweishengfanghuwang，weirenmintigongquanfangweiquanzhouqijiankangfuwu。

　　tuopinzhaimaobushizhongdian，ershixinshenghuo、xinfendoudeqidian。《jianyi》tichu，tuopingongjianchengguogonggutuozhan，xiangcunzhenxingzhanlvequanmiantuijin。“shisiwu”shiqi，yaoshixiangonggutuozhantuopingongjianchengguotongxiangcunzhenxingyouxiaoxianjie，jianlinongcundishoururenkouheqianfadadiqubangfujizhi，baochicaizhengtouruliduzongtiwending，jiexutuijintuopindiqufazhan。yaojianquanfangzhifanpinjiancehebangfujizhi，zuohaoyidifupinbanqianhouxubangfugongzuo，tuidongtesechanyekechixufazhan。zaixibudiqutuopinxianzhongjizhongzhichiyipixiangcunzhenxingzhongdianbangfuxian，zengqiangqigonggutuopinchengguojineishengfazhannengli。

　　qi、guojiazhilixiaonengdedaoxintisheng

　　zhongguoteseshehuizhuyizhidujuyouqiangdashengminglihexianzhuyoushi，shidangdaizhongguofazhanjinbudegenbenbaozheng。dangdeshibadayilai，zhidujianshebeibaidaogengjiatuchudeweizhi，jiaqianghewanshanguojiazhiliqudelishixingchengjiu，zhongguoteseshehuizhuyizhidugengjiawanshan，guojiazhilitixihezhilinenglixiandaihuashuipingmingxiantigao。jinruxinfazhanjieduan，bixuyushijujinjianchihewanshanzhongguoteseshehuizhuyizhidu、tuijinguojiazhilitixihezhilinenglixiandaihua。

　　《jianyi》zaijianquanshehuizhuyiminzhufazhi、cujinshehuigongpingzhengyi、wanshanguojiaxingzhengtixi、genghaofahuizhengfuzuoyong、tigaoshehuizhilitebieshijicengshehuizhilishuiping，yijijianquanfangfanhuajiezhongdafengxiantizhijizhi、tuijinguofanghejunduixiandaihuadengfangmiantichulemingquemubiaoyaoqiu。“shisiwu”shiqi，yaomaodingdao2035nianjibenshixianguojiazhilitixihezhilinenglixiandaihuademubiao，tuidonggefangmianzhidugengjiachengshugengjiadingxing、guojiazhilixiaonengdedaoxintisheng。yaojianchidangdelingdao、renmindangjiazuozhu、yifazhiguoyoujitongyi，tuijinzhongguoteseshehuizhuyizhengzhizhiduziwowanshanhefazhan。yaoshenhuaxingzhengguanlitizhigaige，jianshezhizemingque、yifaxingzhengdezhengfuzhilitixi。yaotongchoufazhanheanquan，fangfanhehuajieyingxiangwoguoxiandaihuajinchengdegezhongfengxian，zhulaoguojiaanquanpingzhang，jianshegenggaoshuipingdepinganzhongguo。yaojiakuaiguofanghejunduixiandaihua，shixianfuguoheqiangjunxiangtongyi。

　　zhanwangweilaiwunian，jingjishehuifazhanzhuyaomubiaoyijingmingque，guanjianshiyaoyidingdingzijingshenhenzhualuoshi。womenyaogengjiajinmidituanjiezaiyixijinpingtongzhiweihexindedangzhongyangzhouwei，jianchiyixijinpingxinshidaizhongguoteseshehuizhuyisixiangweizhidao，ruiyijinqu、fenfayouwei，weiquanmianjiansheshehuizhuyixiandaihuaguojia、shixianzhonghuaminzuweidafuxingdezhongguomengzuochuxindegengdagongxian。（zuozhe：helifeng）